编写开机启动脚本:
I、nginx开机启动
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在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本
vi /etc/init.d/nginx
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更改脚本权限
chmod 775 /etc/init.d/nginx
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编写脚本内容
#!/bin/bash # nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server # it is v.0.0.2 version. # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server. # It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone. # processname: nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginxd=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx_config=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginx_pid=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid RETVAL=0 prog="nginx" # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0 [ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0 # Start nginx daemons functions. start() { if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then echo "nginx already running...." exit 1 fi echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config} RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx return $RETVAL } # Stop nginx daemons functions. stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $nginxd RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid } reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}` killproc $nginxd -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; reload) reload ;; restart) stop start ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL
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设置开机启动
chkconfig nginxd on
II、设置mysql开机启动
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将mysql安装目录下 support-files目录下的mysql.server文件拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下并改名为mysqld,并更改权限
chmod 775 /etc/init.d/mysqld
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设置开机启动
chkconfig mysqld on
III、php-fpm开机启动
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在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本
vi /etc/init.d/php-fpm
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更改脚本权限
chmod 775 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
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编写脚本内容
#!/bin/sh # # php-fpm - this script starts and stops the php-fpm daemin # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # processname: php-fpm # config: /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf set -e PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin DESC="php-fpm daemon" NAME=php-fpm DAEMON=/usr/local/php/sbin/$NAME //这里设成自己的目录 CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf //这里设成自己的目录 PIDFILE=/usr/local/php/var/run/$NAME.pid //这里设成自己的目录 SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME //这里设成自己的目录 # If the daemon file is not found, terminate the script. test -x $DAEMON || exit 0 d_start(){ $DAEMON -y $CONFIGFILE || echo -n " already running" } d_stop(){ kill -QUIT `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " no running" } d_reload(){ kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " could not reload" } case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME" d_start echo "." ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME" d_stop echo "." ;; reload) echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..." d_reload echo "Reloaded." ;; restart) echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME" d_stop # Sleep for two seconds before starting again, this should give the nginx daemon some time to perform a graceful stop sleep 2 d_start echo "." ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload)" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac exit 0
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设置开机启动
chkconfig php-fpm on
Ⅳ、设置redis开机启动
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在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本
vi /etc/init.d/redis
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更改脚本权限
chmod 775 /etc/init.d/redis
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编写脚本内容
########################### PATH=/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin REDISPORT=6379 EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli PIDFILE=/var/run/redis.pid CONF="/etc/redis.conf" case "$1" in start) if [ -f $PIDFILE ] then echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed" else echo "Starting Redis server..." $EXEC $CONF fi if [ "$?"="0" ] then echo "Redis is running..." fi ;; stop) if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ] then echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running" else PID=$(cat $PIDFILE) echo "Stopping ..." $REDIS_CLI -p $REDISPORT SHUTDOWN while [ -x ${PIDFILE} ] do echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..." sleep 1 done echo "Redis stopped" fi ;; restart|force-reload) ${0} stop ${0} start ;; *) echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2 exit 1 esac ##############################
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设置开机启动
chkconfig redis on
至此,大功告成。可以用命令 chkconfig 查看开机启动服务列表
chkconfig --list
附录:
1、nigx重启错误
bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
这个是nginx重启是 经常遇到的。 网上找了很多信息 都是没有啥用。说的乱七八糟的。 发现原来是nginx重复重启。自己占用了端口。 解决方法
killall -9 nginx
杀掉nginx 进程 然后重启就行了。
service nginx restart
2、php-fpm 启动 关闭
php-fpm 不再支持 php-fpm 补丁具有的 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm (start|stop|reload)等命令,需要使用信号控制:
master进程可以理解以下信号
- SIGINT, SIGTERM 立刻终止
- SIGQUIT 平滑终止
- SIGUSR1 重新打开日志文件
- SIGUSR2 平滑重载所有worker进程并重新载入配置和二进制模块
示例:
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php-fpm 关闭:
kill -SIGINT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
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php-fpm 重启:
kill -SIGUSR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
其次配置文件不再使用的xml 格式,改为了INI,但是配置参数几乎和以前一样,可参照xml格式的格式配置。
3、nginx 启动 关闭
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nginx的启动(nginx.conf文件基本上位于nginx主目录中的conf目录中)
nginx -c nginx.conf
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nginx的停止(nginx.pid文件基本上位于nginx主目录中的logs目录中)
ps -ef | grep nginx
可发现数个nginx进程,其中标有master的为主进程,其它为子进程, 停止nginx主要就是对主进程进行信号控制.
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从容停止
kill -QUIT `cat nginx.pid`
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快速停止
kill -TERM `cat nginx.pid`
or
kill -INT `cat nginx.pid`
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强制停止
kill -9 `cat nginx.pid`
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从容停止
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nginx的平滑重启
首先要验证新的配置文件是否正确:nginc -t -c nginx.conf
成功后向主进程发送HUP信号即可: [/shell]kill -HUP `cat nginx.pid`[/shell]
4、nginx的平滑升级
- 备份好旧的可执行文件,使用新版本替换旧版本
- kill -USR2 旧版本的主进程PID 进行平滑升级, 此时新老版本共存
- kill -WINCH 旧版本的主进程PID 逐步关闭旧主进程的工作进程
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当旧主进程产生的工作进程全部关闭后, 可以决定是否使用新版本还是旧版本.(需要使用kill命令来杀死新或旧主进程)
#!/bin/sh BASE_DIR='/usr/local/' ${BASE_DIR}nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c ${BASE_DIR}nginx/conf/nginx.conf >& ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start info=`cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start` if [ `echo $info | grep -c "syntax is ok" ` -eq 1 ]; then if [ `ps aux|grep "nginx"|grep -c "master"` == 1 ]; then kill -HUP `cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.pid` echo "ok" else killall -9 nginx sleep 1 ${BASE_DIR}nginx/sbin/nginx fi else echo "######## error: ########" cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start fi
5、CentOS修改系统环境变量
我这里拿php作为一个例子,我的php安装在/usr/local/webserver/php下,没有把php加入环境变量时,你在命令行执行
#查看当前php的版本信息 [root@CentOS ~]# php -v
会提示你此命令不存在。
下面详细说说linux下修改环境变量的方法
方法一:
在/etc/profile文件中添加变量【对所有用户生效(永久的)】
用VI在文件/etc/profile文件中增加变量,该变量将会对Linux下所有用户有效,并且是“永久的”。
[root@CentOS ~]# vi /etc/profile
在文件末尾加上如下两行代码
PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH export PATH
如:
# /etc/profile # System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you # are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this # will prevent the need for merging in future updates. pathmunge () { case ":${PATH}:" in *:"$1":*) ;; *) if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then PATH=$PATH:$1 else PATH=$1:$PATH fi esac } if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then # ksh workaround EUID=`id -u` UID=`id -ru` fi USER="`id -un`" LOGNAME=$USER MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER" fi # Path manipulation if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then pathmunge /sbin pathmunge /usr/sbin pathmunge /usr/local/sbin else pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after pathmunge /usr/sbin after pathmunge /sbin after fi HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null` HISTSIZE=1000 if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth else export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups fi export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200 # You could check uidgid reservation validity in # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then umask 002 else umask 022 fi for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do if [ -r "$i" ]; then if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then . "$i" else . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1 fi fi done unset i unset pathmunge PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH export PATH
要是刚才的修改马上生效,需要执行以下代码
[root@CentOS ~]# source /etc/profile
这时再查看系统环境变量,就能看见刚才加的东西已经生效了
[root@CentOS ~]# echo $PATH /usr/local/webserver/php/bin:/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
现在就能直接使用php命令了(而不是像之前写很长一串/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php -v),例如查看当前php的版本
[root@CentOS ~]# php -v PHP 5.3.8 (cli) (built: Jun 27 2012 14:28:20) Copyright (c) 1997-2011 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2011 Zend Technologies
方法二:
在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量【对单一用户生效(永久的)】
用VI在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量,改变量仅会对当前用户有效,并且是“永久的”。具体操作和方法1一样,这里就不在列举代码了。
方法三:
直接运行export命令定义变量【只对当前shell(BASH)有效(临时的)】
在shell的命令行下直接使用[export变量名=变量值]定义变量,该变量只在当前的shell(BASH)或其子shell(BASH)下是有效的,shell关闭了,变量也就失效了,再打开新shell时就没有这个变量,需要使用的话还需要重新定义。例如
export PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH